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Gary Freeman

Birthdate: January 6,1938

Education:

B.S. University of Chicago (Biochemistry) 1960

Ph.D. University of Chicago (Zoology) 1964

Professional Experience:

1981 -present   Professor of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin

1972-1981 Associate Professor of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin

1967-1972 Assistant Professor of Biology, University of California, San Diego

1965-1967 Assistant Professor of Zoology, University of Illinois, Urbana

1964-1965     Postdoctoral fellow in Anatomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

During the summers of 1967,1969-1973,1978,1982 and 19881 was an instructor in the embryology course at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. During the summer of 19811 was an instructor in the comparative embryology course at the Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington. During the summer of 19851 was an instructor in a summer school on Marine Wirbellose als Objekte Entwicklungsbiologischer Forschung at the Biologischen Anstalt Helgoland, West Germany.

Professional Societies:

Society for comparative and Integrative Biology

Society for Developmental Biology

Professional and Public Service:

Membership committee of American Society of Zoologists 1975-1977

Member of editorial board Developmental Biology 1972

Member of editorial board Journal of Morphology 1969-1982

Member of editorial board Wilhelm Roux's Archives a/Developmental Biology 1979-1988

Member of editorial board International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 1984-1995

Member of editorial board Journal of Evolutionary Biology 1987-1990

Courses Taught:

Zoology 320     Cell Biology

Zoology 321     Developmental Biology

Zoology 321L   Advanced Topics and Laboratory in Developmental Biology

Zoology 390K   Graduate Survey of Animal Development

Zoology 390K   Developmental Genetics

Zoology 390K   Development and Evolution

Zoology 390K   Current Literature in Developmental Biology

Biology 432     Invertebrate Biology

Graduate Student Supervision:

Ph.D. Degrees Supervised:

Gregory Erickson   The Initiation of Meiosis. 1972

JoAnn Render      A Demonstration of the Inhibitory Influence over Apical Tuft

Formation by the Second Polar Lobe of the Sabellaria cementarium embryo. 1982

Jonathan Henry     Different mechanisms are involved in the segregation of

developmental potential during first cleavage in the embryo of Chaetopterus variopedatus: the role of unequal cleavage and the polar lobe. 1984.

Mark Martindale    The Role of Ontogeny on the Expression of Adult Symmetry Properties in the ctenophore Mnemioopsis mccradyi. 1985

Andrew Ransick    Experimetal Analysis of Germ Cell Lineage Determination in Volvox obversus. 1988.

Elizabeth McCain   Cell Interactions Within the Primary Calcium Carbonate Producing Fields During the Development cSllyanasea obsoleta (mollusca). 1990.

Robert Goldstein    Specification of Gut in C. elegans Embryos (1992).

Hyla Sweet        Regional Specification of First Quartet Micromeres in the Embryos of the Gastropod Ityanassa obsoleta. 1996.

David McCauley    Serotonin Plays an Eariy Role in the Metamorhposis of the Hydrozoan Phialidium geregarium. 1997.

Christine Byrum    A cellular Analysis of Gastrulation by Unipolar Ingression in the Hydrozoan Phialidium (dytia) gregarium, 2001.

Morgan Goulding   Comparative and Experimental Analysis of Precocious Cell-lineage Diversification in the Embryonic Dorsoventral Axis of the Gastropod Ilyanassa. 2001.

Pengfei Lu         Role of p53 Family Members in the Development of Xenopus laevis. 2001.

Research in Progress:

I am a cell and developmental biologist. My current work deals with comparative aspects of regional specification during early development in brachiopods. The goal of this work is to understand how and why the utilization of the mechanisms responsible for the spatial organization of multicellular organisms changes during the course of evolution.

Publications and Contributions:

Articles:

Freeman, G. 1963. Lens regeneration from the cornea in Xenopus laevis. 3. Expti. Zool. 154:39-66.

Freeman, G. 1964. The role of blood cells in the process of a sexual reproduction in the tunicate Perophora viridis. 1. Expti. Zool. 156:152-184.

Freeman, G. 1967. Studies on regeneration in the creeping ctenophore Vallicula multiformis. J. Moiphol. 123:71-«4.

Freeman, G. 1970. The reticuloendothelial system of tunicates. J. Reticuloendothelial Soc. 7:183-194.

Freeman, G. 1970. Transplantation specificity in echinoderms and lower chordates. Transplantation Proceedings 2:236-239.

Freeman, G. 1971. A study of the intrinsic factors which control the initiation of asexual reproduction in the tunicate Amaraecium constellation. J. ExpL Zool. 178:433-456.

Freeman, G. and Reynolds, G. 1973. The development of bioluminescence in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Develop. Biol. 31:61-100.

Freeman, G. 1976. Theroleof cleavage in the localization of development potential in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Develop. Biol. 49:143-177.

Freeman, G. 1976. The effects of altering the position of cleavage planes on the process of localization of developmental potential in ctenophores. Develop. Biol. 51:332-337.

Freeman, G. 1977. The establishment of the oral-aboral axis in the ctenophores. J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 42:237-260.

Freeman, G. 1978. The role of asters in the localization of the factors that specify the apical tuft and the gut of the nemertine Cerebratulus lacteus. J. Exp. Zool. 206:81-108.

Freeman, G. 1979. The multiple roles which cell division can play in the localization of developmental potential. In Determinants of Spatial Organization: The 37th Annual Symposium of the Society for Developmental Biology. (I. Konigsberg and S. Subtelny, eds.) pp. 53-76. Academic Press, New York.

Freeman, G. 1980. The role of cleavage in the establishment of the anterior-posterior axis of the

Hydrozoan embryo. In Developmental and Cellular Biology of Coelenterates (P. and R. Tardent eds.) pp. 97-108. Elsevier-North Holland, Amsterdam.

Freeman, G. 1981. The cleavage initiation site establishes the posterior pole of the hydrozoan embryo. W. Roux's Arch. 190:123-125.

Freeman, G. 1981. The role of polarity in the development of the hydrozoan planula larva. W. Roux's Arch. 190:168-184.

Freeman, G. 1982. What does the comparative study of development tell us about evolution. In Evolution and Developmental (J. Bonner, ed.) pp. 155-168. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Freeman, G. and Lundelius, J. 1982. The developmental genetics of dextrality and sinistrality in the gastropod Lymnaea peregra. W. Roux's Arch. 191:69-83.

Freeman, G. and Miller, R. 1982. Hydrozoan eggs can only be fertilized at the site of polar body formation. Develop. Biol. 94:142-152.

Freeman, G. 1983. Theroleof egg organization in the generation of cleavage patterns. In Time, Space, and Pattern in Embryonic Development (W. Jeffery and R. Raff, eds.) pp. 171-196. A.R. Uss, New York.

Freeman, G. 1983. Experimental studies on hydrozoans (Trachylina and Siphonophora) with direct development Biol. Bull. 165:591-618.

Cather, J., Render, J. and Freeman, G. 1986. A cleavage clock is responsible for spiral cleavage during the development of Ilyanassa. Int. J. Invertebrate Develop. & Reprod. 9:179-194.

Lundelius, J. and Freeman, G. 1986. A photoperiod gene regulates vitellogenesis in Lymnaea peregra (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Int. J. Invertebrate Develop. & Reprod. 10:201-226.

Freeman, G. and Ridgway E. 1987. Endogenous photoproteins, calcium channels, and calcium transients during metamorphosis in hydrozoans. Roux's Arch. Develop. Biol. 196:30-50.

Freeman, G. 1987. The role of oocyte maturation in the ontogeny of the fertilization site in the hydrozoan Hydractinia echinata. Roux's Arch. Develop. 196:83-92.

Freeman, G. 1987. The localization of bioluminescence in the siphonophore Nanomia cara. Mar. Biol. 93:535-541.

Thomas, M., Freeman, G., and Martin, V. 1987. The embryonic origin of neurosensory cells and the role of nerve cells in metamorphosis in Phialidium gregarium (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Int. J. Invertebrate Develop. & Reprod. 11:265-287.

Freeman, G. and Ridgway, E. 1988. The role of cAMP in oocyte maturation and the role of the germinal vesicle contents in mediating maturation and subsequent developmental events in hydrozoans. Roux's Arch. Develop. Biol. 197:197-211.

Freeman, G. 1988. The factors that promote the development of symmetry properties in aggregates from associated echinoid embryos. Roux's Arch. Develop. Biol. 197:394-405.

Freeman, G. 1990. The establishment and role of polarity during embryogenesis in hydrozoans./n Cellular and Molecular Biology of Pattern Formation (D. Stocums and T. Karr, eds.) pp. 3-30 Oxford Univ. Press.

Freeman, G. and Ridgway, E. 1990. Cellular and intracellular pathways mediating the metamorphic stimulus in hydrozoan planulae. Roux's Arch. Develop. Biol. 199:163-79.

Freeman, G. and Ridgway, E. 1991. Endogenous photoproteins as calcium indicators in hydrozoan eggs and larvae. Zool. Sci. 8:225-233.

Freeman, G. 1991. The bases for and timing of regional specification during larval development in Phoronis. Develop. Biol. 147:157-173.

Freeman, G. and Lundelius, J. 1992. Evolutionary implications of the mode of D quadrant specification in coalomates with spiral cleavage. J. Evol. Biol. 5:205-247.

Freeman, G. and Ridgway, E.B. 1993. The role of intracellular calcium and pH during fertilization in the hydrozoan Phialidium. Develop. Biol. 156:176-190.

Freeman, G. 1993. Metamorphosis in the brachiopod Terebratalia: evidence for a role of calcium channel function and the dissociation of shell formation from settlement Biol. Bull. 184:15-24.

Freeman, G. 1993. Regional specification during embryogenesis in the articulate brachiopod Terebraudia. Develop. Biol. 160:196-213.

Freeman, G. 1994. The endocrine pathway responsible for oocyte maturation in the inarticulate brachiopod Glottidia. Biol. Bull. 186:263-270.

Freeman, G. 1995. Regional specification during embryogenesis in the inarticulate brachiopod Glottidia. Develop. Biol. 172:15-36.

Freeman, G. 1996. The role of localized cell surface-associated glycoproteins during fertilization in the hydrozoan Aequorea. Develop. Bid. 179:17-26.

Goldstein, B. and Freeman, G. 1997. Axial specification in animal development BioEssays 19:105-116.

Ridgway, E.B. and Freeman, G. 1999. Calcium fluxes in hydrozoan embryos depend in part on exocytosis and fluid phase endocytosis. Cell Calcium 25:179-189.

Freeman, G. 1999. Regional specification during embryogenesis in me inarticulate brachiopod Discanisca. Develop. Biol. 209:321-339.

Freeman, G. and Lundelius, J. 1999. Changes in the timing of manth formation and life history traits in lingulifonn and craniifonn brachiopods. Lethaia 32: 197-217.

Freeman, G. 2000. Regional specification during embryogenesis in the craniifonn brachiopod Crania anomala. Developmental Biology. 227:219-238.

Freeman, G. 2001. The developmental biology of brachiopods. The Paleontological Society Papers. 7:69-88.